Deep
in the remote deserts of northwestern New Mexico lie the extensive ruins
of the greatest architectural achievement of the northern American
Indians. Known as the Chaco Canyon complex, the site was the main social
and ceremonial center of the Anasazi culture. We do not actually know what
these people called themselves. The term Anasazi is a Navaho word meaning
variously "the ancient ones" or "the enemies of our ancient fathers." The
early Anasazi (100 BC.) were nomadic hunter-gatherers ranging over great
expanses of territory; by AD 700 they had begun to live in settled
communities of which Chaco Canyon is the finest example. Intensive
construction occurred throughout Chaco Canyon between AD 900 to 1100,
resulting in the development of several sophisticated dwelling complexes.
Pueblo Bonito (meaning "pretty village" in Spanish; the original Anasazi
name is unknown) had more than six hundred rooms, numerous two and three
story buildings, several ceremonial structures called kivas, and a
population between 800 and 1200 persons. From tree-ring dating, it is
known that a period of great drought came upon the Chaco area in AD 1150,
possibly causing the abandonment of the site. Rediscovered in 1849 by U.S.
Army soldiers, the site was severely vandalized for seventy years until it
was made a national monument in 1907. In 1920, National Geographic Society
began a thorough reconstruction of the site.
Radiating out from the Chaco complex are an enigmatic series of straight
lines that extend ten to twenty miles into the desert. Conventional
archaeological theories explain these lines as roads leading to outlying
settlements, but this seems highly unlikely as the lines are arrow
straight regardless of terrain. They go over mesas (table-top mountains),
up and down vertical cliff faces, and along ways that make them utterly
impractical for use by the casual or commercial traveler. Perhaps they had
another purpose. Paul Devereux, the British scholar and leading writer in
the so called "Earth Mysteries" field has suggested that these lines (and
others he has studied around the world) are better understood as markings
that represent the out-of-body spirit travel of ancient native shamans.
Archaeological research does indeed indicate that the lines often lead to
small shrine-like structures where evidence of religious and shamanistic
activity is common. These mysterious lines, often apparently between no
particular places, are found in many parts of the Anasazi realm. More than
five hundred miles of the lines have so far been charted. Nowadays they
are mostly visible only from the air in the early morning or late
afternoon, when the sun casts deep shadows. Inspecting these lines at
ground level, it is evident that they have been acted upon by many
hundreds of years of natural erosion, which has obscured all but scarce
remains. It thus seems reasonable to suggest that these lines, prior to
their erosion, could have been followed across great expanses of land,
thereby delineating an enormous grid or map of sacred and shamanistic
geography.